Introduction to Ethics Essay Exam First part: Definitions of the Sources of Moral Value (25 points) Give precise definition of (5 points each) Ethical Relativism Ethical Egoism Objectivism Situationalism Fundamentalism   Second part: Essay (75 points) Write an essay in response to the following prompt using each of the definitions provided in the “First part” above. Think thoroughly through the relative advantages, disadvantages, and challenges that each viewpoint might face as they consider the scenario. Just as Plato did through his characters in The Republic, please imagine the viewpoints defined as real human beings engaged in the project of devising the most just society that would be consistent with their beliefs. You need to think about what understanding of “human nature” must be involved in the viewpoint each of these people have. In some cases, by virtue of the view itself, the society they imagine might need to encourage and enhance human nature or it might need to discourage and diminish human nature. Note this and explain why you think so as you move along in the paper. In the end, you may find yourself leaning towards acceptance of one view over the others or you may not, instead seeing some relative advantages to each view. The essay should be of sufficient length to demonstrate your understanding of the viewpoints. Note: this is not about your opinion. It is about what the definition guides you to see must be the viewpoint relative to creating a just society.

Scientists basically agree that all learning is the same

Deflation   a.  often accompanies increases in the money supply.   b.  is good for borrowers, but bad for lenders.   c.  is good for lenders, but bad for borrowers.   d.  cannot occur under a bimetallic standard. 

The “gang system” is an example of   a.  specialization and division of labor.   b.  diminishing marginal product.   c.  the envelope theorem.   d.  Gresham’s law.

(02.04 MC)A surgeon recently performed experimental brain surgery on a patient with epilepsy. During surgery, the patient complained about feeling discomfort which was a known risk. The surgery was stopped. Following the surgery, an article was written and published detailing the process for diagnosing and treating the patient. Telling the patient about known risks prior to the study meets which ethical guideline?

. In the early 1980s, many people found themselves unable to purchase new homes because of   a.  rising prices and interest rates.   b.  rising prices and falling interest rates.   c.  new government restrictions on mortgages for first-time buyers.   d.  increases in income tax rates.

(04.03 MC)Your little brother has a big ball of clay. You break the ball of clay into smaller pieces while he watches. He begins to cry because he thinks he now has less clay. Which of Piaget’s stages is your brother likely in?

What was not one of the primary reasons why people opposed the First and Second Banks of the United States?    a.  They printed too much money and triggered a substantial inflation.   b.  They had monopoly control over some banking activities.   c.  They were unconstitutional.   d.  They did not provide sufficiently generous lending policies.

What best describes the impact of the cotton gin?   a.  A decrease in the price and an increase in the quantity of cotton.    b.  An increase in the price and a decrease in the quantity of cotton.    c.  Decreases in both the price and quantity of cotton.   d.  Increases in both the price and quantity of cotton.

Clipper ships   a.  allowed for profitable shipping on both short and long journeys.   b.  dominated Atlantic trade by 1850.   c.  were among the first ships to have iron hulls.   d.  earned huge profits transporting passengers and cargo during the gold rushes to California and Australia.