Item to analyze: Before the Civil War, Southern antislavery forces ________. had strong backing from state legislatures achieved a major victory when Virginia approved a plan for emancipation argued that Negro slavery would be “ruinous to whites” consistently urged armed slave uprisings

Liberationists understand sin as _____________. All sins even those committed privately by individuals, have ______________ consequences. (Hint: for both blanks it’s the same word).

Virtue ethics is a more personal ethical theory. Instead of asking “what ought I to do,” it asks ___________?”

These instructions apply to questions 63–68. Instructions: Study the sample multiple-choice questions presented. Decide whether the stem presents a meaningful problem that stands by itself.  If yes, select “OK”.  If not, select “Not OK”. If you decide the item stem is not OK, rewrite the stem to improve it. 

Multiple-choice items that assess at the understanding level must include ________.

King said that the inseparable twin of racial oppression is ____________  (two words)

Low discriminating power is normal if the item ________.

Analytic scoring is better than holistic scoring for ________.

Context-dependent (interpretive exercise)  item sets are especially useful for assessing students’ ability to ________.

A study is designed to examine the effect of exercise (against no exercise) on knee pain, with measurements taken at 1 week, 3 weeks, and 6 weeks.  Participants are randomly assigned to one of the exercise conditions.  The appropriate design would be: