The question below is an extra credit question worth 2pts. If you get it correct, I will have to manually add the points after the exam is taken.   Which of the below reduces heart rate?

This protein in red blood cells allows them to carry oxygen: __________________. 

A cylinder is filled with 10.0L of gas and a piston is put on the cylinder.  The initial pressure of the gas is measured to be 1.85 atm. The piston is now pushed down, compressing the gas, until the gas has a final volume of 2.00L.  Calculate the final pressure of the gas.  Be sure your answer has the correct number of significant figures.

An arctic weather balloon  is filled with `vol` L of helium gas inside a prep shed. The temperature inside the shed is 11.°C. The balloon is then taken outside, where the temperature is −12.°C. Calculate the new volume of the balloon.  You may assume the pressure on the balloon stays constant at exactly 1atm. Be sure your answer has the correct number of significant digits.

(I5ErmjA5) In academic writing, _____ need to be accompanied by citations.

(sBxlxAA5) Copying and pasting from the internet can be done without citing the source because everything on the internet is common knowledge and can be used without citation.

(e0FRyRA5) When copying a single sentence you do not need to use quotation marks (“ “).

(Fj3l0wA5) When you use a quote or specific idea from a source you must use an in-text citation immediately after the statement in your paper as well as a reference list style citation in a reference list.

The benign lesion in this image was an incidental finding. The patient was asymptomatic and her LFTs were normal. The most likely diagnosis is:

Bonus: (worth up to 5 points) Please ignore that this question says it is out of 0 points. I will be manually adding the points during the grading process.   As this exam occurs right after Valentine’s Day, love is on my mind.  Tell me, what do you love about Astronomy?  Rubric:  Be very clear with your response, and fully explain your thoughts using at least 3 sentences. receive 5 points.  General or vague responses will not be scored favorably. I am giving you the space to share your personal connection to our course material. Take advantage of this opportunity with a detailed answer! If you attempt to use AI to write your essay, you will receive a 0 on the entire exam and be reported for scholastic dishonesty, which could result in academic disciplinary actions.