All valid arguments have a true conclusion.

In inductive logic, an argument may legitimately be spoken of as “true” or “false.”

On October 16, 1846, where did dentist William T.G. Morton demonstrate the use of ether for surgical anesthesia in an operating room? 

If an argument is invalid then it must have all true premises and a false conclusion.

An uncogent argument can be strong.

(1) Give the logical form of the argument below, using capital letters (e.g. A, B, C) to stand for the categories, then (2) provide substitution instances making the premises obvious truths and the conclusion an obvious falsehood.  Use terms whose interrelations are well known  (e.g. “cat,” “dog,” “animal”): All wines are alcoholic beverages. Some aperitifs are not wines. So, no aperitifs are alcoholic beverages.  

An unsound argument must be invalid.

(1) Give the logical form of the argument below, using capital letters (e.g. A, B, C) to stand for the categories, then (2) provide substitution instances making the premises obvious truths and the conclusion an obvious falsehood.  Use terms whose interrelations are well known  (e.g. “cat,” “dog,” “animal”): All wines are alcoholic beverages. No aperitifs are wines. So, all aperitifs are alcoholic beverages.  

The statement “If Papa’s Mustache wins the Belmont Stakes, then Papa’s Mustache will be a Triple Crown Winner” is not a disjunction.

(1) Give the logical form of the argument below, using capital letters (e.g. A, B, C) to stand for the categories, then (2) provide substitution instances making the premises obvious truths and the conclusion an obvious falsehood.  Use terms whose interrelations are well known  (e.g. “cat,” “dog,” “animal”): All wines are alcoholic beverages. Some aperitifs are not wines. So, some aperitifs are not alcoholic beverages.