A pharmaceutical research company needs to design a system t…

A pharmaceutical research company needs to design a system to track drug trials. The CIO wants to start by ensuring the system supports broad business goals like regulatory compliance and patient safety before diving into table design. Which modeling approach is most appropriate to begin with? Options: A. Bottom-up B. Top-down C. Middle-out D. Physical-first Answer: Top-down Explanation:Starting with business goals and working toward more detailed models is a top-down approach. Bottom-up would begin with existing structures. Middle-out is rarely used but refers to starting in the middle (entities/relationships) and expanding both ways. Physical-first isn’t a formal methodology.

Match the business rule to the correct cardinality: Each i…

Match the business rule to the correct cardinality: Each invoice must be linked to exactly one customer. A warehouse may have no shipments yet, but can have many over time. Each employee belongs to one department, and departments must have at least one employee. Options:A. One and only oneB. Zero or manyC. One or many Correct Answers:1 → A (One and only one)2 → B (Zero or many)3 → C (One or many) Explanation:Each describes a classic rule — invoices always need one customer, warehouses may be empty, and departments require at least one employee.

An HR system includes a Departments table and an Employees t…

An HR system includes a Departments table and an Employees table. Each employee record includes a field called DepartmentID that matches an entry in the Departments table. What role does DepartmentID play in the Employees table? Options:A. Primary KeyB. Candidate KeyC. Foreign KeyD. Surrogate Key Correct Answer: C. Foreign Key Explanation:DepartmentID links each employee to a department by referencing the Departments table. It is not unique in the Employees table, so it isn’t a primary or candidate key. Surrogate keys are artificial IDs, not cross-table references.

In a library system, the ERD shows that a book can be checke…

In a library system, the ERD shows that a book can be checked out by many library members over time, but each checkout record belongs to exactly one book and one member. Which table would capture this relationship? Options:A. BooksB. MembersC. CheckoutsD. Transactions Correct Answer: C. Checkouts Explanation:The Checkouts table functions as the bridge (junction) that links members and books in a many-to-many relationship.