____________ was a wealthy widow who furnished Tchaikovsky (and other musicians) with financial stability, which helped him overcome his depression and continue composing. They communicated through a series of letters to one another, and this distance letter-friendship soon became one of fervent attachment. The letters would explain how he envisioned and wrote his music. 

____________ in music, as in art, focused on the creator’s impres­sion of an object, concept, or event.

Erlkönig (Elf King) features ___________________ which is music that sounds out its meaning. In this art song, Schubert takes the changing expressive elements of the lyrics such as a galloping horse, steady reassuring tones of the father, sweet enticements of the Elf King, increasingly frantic cries of the boy, and provides each with characteristic music.

Like Pyotr Tchaikovsky, composer ____________ was financially supported by the wealthy widow Nadezhda von Meck, allowing him to tour Italy, Russia, and Vienna.

In the 1930s, _________ were mid-to large-size ensembles that played swing. 

Many artists continue the tradition that started in the Romantic era where they dedicate their album to a single theme (like a break-up, a special time in their life, a traumatic event, etc.) This is known as a ____________, or a group of songs that treat a single theme or tell a story. 

Liszt’s Hungarian Rhapsody No. 2 is an example of a ___________ which is a one-movement program piece written for orchestra that portrays images of a place, story, novel, landscape, or non-musical source or image.

Jazz was the thread that wove the new and diverse cultures together, and this music was _________, meaning that much of the music was created on the spot during performances. 

If silence is the “absence of sound,” then ____________ is “indiscriminate” or “indistinguishable” sound, in which it is impossible to tell the pitches or what instruments are playing.

Arnold Schoenberg is known for creating and composing ____________ music, which is where he takes the twelve notes of the chromatic scale and organized them into scale units.