Your next patient is an 82 year-old female patient with a 25…

Your next patient is an 82 year-old female patient with a 25-year history of type 2 diabetes mellitus. She is having trouble walking and uses a walker.  She has been diagnosed with heart failure (HF) and has an ejection fraction of 34%.  What is the recommended goal for her HA1C?

A 56-year-old female with non-ischemic heart failure and hyp…

A 56-year-old female with non-ischemic heart failure and hypertension presents to the office for a routine follow-up. Her last hospitalization for a congestive heart failure (CHF) with HFrEF (reduced ejection fraction) exacerbation was two years ago. Currently, she has is not complaining of shortness of breath, orthopnea, leg edema, or chest pain. She has been following a low-salt diet and does not drink alcohol. Her medications are carvedilol and a baby aspirin. Her home blood pressure measurements have ranged from 140-150/80-90 mmHg. Her physical exam findings are notable for a blood pressure of 150/90 mmHg. Her pulse is 60 beats/minute with S1S2 with no murmurs or gallops. Her respiratory rate is 12/minute. Her jugular venous pulse and pressure (JVP) is within the normal range and her lungs are clear bilaterally. Her point of maximal impulse (PMI) is laterally displaced. What medication should you add that can also improve her mortality from heart failure?

You are seeing a 68-year-old male with hypertension and non-…

You are seeing a 68-year-old male with hypertension and non-ischemic cardiomyopathy in the clinic today. He has the diagnosis of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). An echocardiogram one month ago showed left-ventricular hypertrophy and a left-ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of 36%. He takes lisinopril 10 mg PO every day and carvedilol 12. 5 mg PO BID. His pulse is 68 beats/minute, blood pressure is 134/88 mmHg, and oxygen saturation is 95% on two liters of oxygen by nasal cannula. His weight is up 8 pounds from his last clinic appointment. His physical exam is notable for jugular venous pulse and pressure (JVP) of 12, bilateral leg edema, and crackles at his lung bases. What will be the next step in management of this man?

Fungal infections of the nail are characterized by nail disc…

Fungal infections of the nail are characterized by nail discoloration, thickening and deformity. Onychomycosis is the most common nail condition, and most frequently occurs in toenails.  While counseling a patient on treating nail fungal infections, which of the following would be routinely included in patient education?