The first organisms to colonize new, emergent land are the ________ species.

A ________ is the linear path taken by nutrients and energy as they move through different organisms.

What is the main function of the acquired pellicle during plaque formation?

What are primary colonizers in the context of plaque formation?

In the K-Means Clustering algorithm, the value of K is not learned by the model. Where does the value for K come from?

According to the Turing Test, what determines if a machine is considered intelligent?

The speaker isn’t sure what Xiao Zhang’s father does for a living.

Based on the following circumstance, decide if the sentence in Chinese is correct or not.   You point to a person standing about thirty feet away, and say: 这个人是我的老师， 他是北京人。 You introduce to your friend a boy standing next to you and say: 这是白先生的儿子。 You point to a girl next to you, and say: 他是我的妹妹。 You are holding a family photo in your hand, and say: 这是我爸爸， 这是我妈妈。

Wang Dawei is a college student, and this year he is 20 years old.  

Mr. Wang is Chinese, and his wife is American.