Short-Response Questions: 5 points  Note: A minimum of 100 words required per response.   What role did the cities of Mecca and Medina play in the formation of Islam?  

According to some researchers, the ___ is the most damaging physiological stress pathway because of the effects of long-term exposure to increased ____ levels.

Long-Response Questions: 20 points.Note: A minimum of 200 words required per response.   You can choose to answer one, some, or all of the questions below) Analyze the influence of religion and philosophy, such as Hinduism, Buddhism, or Confucianism, on the social and political structures of ancient Asian societies What does the archaeological evidence from Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro reveal about urban planning and social organization in the Indus Valley Civilization? How did geography influence the development of ancient Asian civilizations, such as those in the Indus Valley, China, and Mesopotamia? Compare the political systems of ancient China and the Indus Valley Civilization. How did these systems reflect the needs and values of their respective societies? What role did trade play in the cultural and technological exchanges between ancient Asian civilizations and their neighbors? Provide examples from the Silk Road or maritime routes.

Which of the following is an example of a behavioral route from stress to illness?

Which of the following statements would Sapolsky endorse? (Mark all that apply)

Short-Response Questions: 5 points each Note: A minimum of 100 words required per response.   What are some similarities between Christianity and Zoroastrianism?

Short-Response Questions: 5 points each Note: A minimum of 100 words required per response.   What type of environment would you look for if you were a Paleolithic hunter-gatherer? Why?

Short-Response Questions: 5 points each Note: A minimum of 100 words required per response.   How did agriculture lead to the development of social hierarchies?

Short-Response Questions: 5 points each. Note: A minimum of 100 words required.   What made early trans-Saharan trade possible?

Match the following with the appropriate part of the stress response.