Assume you want to shape a child to sit up straight with better posture while playing piano.  Currently, they sit slumped, hunched over, on the bench not directly facing or aligned with the keyboard.  What order of the steps below would represent an effective shaping process? 1. Sit fully upright aligned with the piano with shoulders back and spine straight 2. Sit with shoulders and spine aligned with the piano 3. Sit with head up while aligned with the piano 4. Sit with spine straight up and down but shoulders drooped while aligned with the piano  

A token becomes a conditioned reinforcer because it is paired with:

Betty is a five-year-old girl with autism.  She lives at home with her parents and younger brother.  She attends a Pre-K class in the public schools in the morning.  Betty is not responsive to her parents’ verbal behavior at all, and tends not to even look at her parents unless they are holding something she wants, such as her favorite dolls or fruit snacks.    Betty does not know how to read or write yet, and she can only indicate what she wants by screaming and crying.  She tends to stand in front of whatever she wants and cry while pointing until her parents get it for her.  Her team wants to teach her to touch a picture of a preferred item as a request rather than her proximity and screaming.      Which of the prompts below is MOST likely to work with Betty?

Match the fading type with an example of each

Kenton really hates word problems in his math class, and will tear up his papers to avoid having to complete them.  Kenton’s teacher decides to use FCT to help Kenton learn an alternative to tearing up the worksheets.   Which behavior below represents an alternative behavior appropriate to a Functional Communication Training model?

Stimulus prompts are faded by gradually removing the stimulus that supports responding

Match the term with the best example of each

Which of the following reinforcers would work best if shaping a dog to sit and roll over

Every time Lori refuses to write her name on her worksheets, her teaching assistant holds her hand and guides the pencil through writing the letters.   What procedure is being used with Lori?

Shaping involves the use of prompts and verbal guidance to the learner.