Which of the following contribute to dendritic cells tolerance in mucosal immunity?

Pathogens are taken up using the following mechanisms EXCEPT:

Match each chemokine receptor to its tissue homing function

Important information can be learned by studying the immune system of female carriers of the XLA disease gene. These individuals show random X chromosome inactivation in their T cells and macrophages among other cells. This finding indicates that:

When Shigella gains access to the intestinal epithelium, which of the following apply

One important feature of retroviruses such as HIV is their generation of a provirus, a copy of the viral genome that is inserted into the host cell chromosome. In addition to providing a template for viral mRNA transcription, the proviral genome:

NFκB is a key transcription factor activated by the TLRs and NOD pathways and that induces an inflammatory response to infection.  

T cells homing to gut and those homing to skin can be differentiated by:

Which of the following pathogens primarily evades the immune system by pathogenic variation?

Antigenic drift in influenza is a result of which of the following processes