A patient with limited English proficiency asks questions ab…

A patient with limited English proficiency asks questions about treatment risks before starting physical therapy. The PT has provided information about benefits and risks but has not arranged for an interpreter. What element of informed consent is potentially compromised?

A PTA fails to document a patient’s report of severe pain du…

A PTA fails to document a patient’s report of severe pain during treatment and does not communicate this finding to the supervising PT. The patient subsequently suffers complications. Which element of negligence is most directly demonstrated by the PTA’s failure to communicate?