The antiseptic betadine is a _______level germicide, and alcohol is rated _____ level. 

Streptococcus pyogenes can cause necrotizing fasciitis because this bacteria produces a virulence factor that digests cell to cell contacts increasing the likelihood of this bacteria causing an invasive disease. Identify the virulence factor.

The human body typically begins to be colonized by its normal flora:

Ionizing radiation keeps perishable food products safe by causing ______ that prevents microbial growth.

What is true about moist heat sterilization verses dry heat methods? (select all)

BONUS – Explain how antibiotic resistant bacteria occur. Be clear about the steps and what happens first.

All of the following are characteristics of an effective vaccine except:

BONUS – Leonora has been sick with influenza for 7 days and is finally feeling better. If she returns to school and then transmits this infection to her classmates, she is best described as what type of carrier?

What term would best describe the avian influenza outbreak, if it spreads from Asia to America?

Clostridium tetani causes _____ (select all that apply).