Describe three specific functions of astrocytes:

Describe the three different cellular targets of the drugs used to treat status epilepticus (e.g., a seizure lasting 5 min or more):

These are BONUS QUESTIONS available for extra points. You can answer zero or all, but make sure you have already completed the real exam questions first: In 2025, and for the first time in recent years, a new non-opioid pain killer was approved for post-surgical pain and trauma pain, describe the mechanism of this new drug class and why is such an interesting pain drug. In the chemistry of love specific transmitters were linked to the euphoria of new love, the excitement of new love and possibly even the obsessions of new love. Which changes in the NT’s were linked to each specific feeling? If you were to begin studying brain stimulation (either deep or transcortical) for the following three conditions, 1-stuttering, 2-chronic pain, 3 -obsessive compulsive disorder. Which brain region would you target with stimulation for each condition? Name the cranial nerves and branches of cranial nerves that travel through the superior orbital fissure in the posterior orbit of the skull: Describe the phenotype of the worrier vs. warrior and the gene and brain region linked to the phenotype Is there something else I forgot to ask you related to this Unit? Then explain any such topic(s) here and tell me what else you know:

Describe the difference between a graded potential and an action potential and include the function of graded potential compared to an action potential:

Which disease is thought to be an immune attack on regions of white matter in the brain and spinal cord?

Based on the recorded neuron action potential, which of the following terms correctly describes the membrane potential or voltage at “R”?

Match the description with the correct sensory receptor protein:

Your neuro patient has a degenerative disease that causes him to gradually lose the ability to walk, move his arms, talk and eventually he will lose the ability to talk and breath.  Which pathway is targeted in this disease leading to loss of voluntary muscle control?

Based on the recorded neuron action potential, which of the following causes the change in membrane voltage from “Q” to the part labeled “R”?

The ability of sensory neurons to detect and respond to cold, warm, hot, pain, itch and touch is due to which of the following?