Below are postulated protonation states of histidine. pKa values for histidine are 1.8 (a-COOH), 9.2 (a-NH3+), 6.0 (R group). Blank #1: List the letters of the 4 states that do NOT form at any pH, separated by commas.  Blank #2: List the letter of the zwitterion.  For blanks #3 -> #6:  For each of the 4 states that do form (the four you did not list in Blank #1) list the following: the letter of that state, and the approximate pH range in which that state predominates (>90%). Make sure to only do one state per blank. Separate the letter and pH with a comma (for example: B, 3.3 to 5.3 or B,

Numerical answer allows instructors to enter a math problem in the question box and testers have to calculate the answer without the hints that they might receive from Multiple Choice answers.   3x=7.08

Fill in the Blank are questions where students have to know the answer and are not given choices to spark their memory.  Instructors have to include all acceptable answers and variations on answers on separate “Possible Answer” lines for Canvas to properly auto-grade.   Traditionally, unicorns have a single ___ emerging from their foreheads.

Below are the structures of two complex lipids (A and B). Three carbons are labeled in red in each molecule (C-1, C-2, C-3). Use these labels to answer your questions.  For blanks 1 -> 4, describe the differences between lipids A and B by making a statement like this: Lipid A has a ____________________, lipid B has a ___________________. Blank #1: polar head attached to C-1 (list all the molecule(s) that make the polar head for each lipid) Blank #2: bond at C-2 Blank #3: name of fatty acid attached at C-2 using delta nomenclature Blank #4: backbone of this molecule that includes carbons 1, 2, and 3 Blank #5: which of the two is likely found in more dense tissue (A or B)? Why?

Multiple Dropdowns give students answer choices from a dropdown box.  The dropdown options change based on which number in brackets you’re looking at. Red pandas are and they are related to other animals in the taxonomic group.

Below are four different disaccharides. Note: mannose is an epimer of glucose at C-2, galactose is an epimer of glucose at C-4. For blanks 1->4, name each disaccharide using the three-letter abbreviation for each monosaccharide, the glycosidic bond in between the two monosaccharides and, for the two disaccharides that have a free anomeric C, whether that free anomeric C is in the alpha or beta form. For example: Glc(beta1->6)Glc in alpha form if there is a free anomeric C, or Glc(beta1->1alpha)Gal if there is no free anomeric C.  Blank #1: Lactose Blank #2: Sucrose Blank #3: Maltose Blank #4: Trehalose For blanks 5->12, answer with the name of the correct disaccharide(s). You can also answer “all” or “none”. Blank #5: at least one of the monosaccharides in this disaccharide is a pentose. Blank #6: at least one of the monosaccharides in this disaccharide is an aldose. Blank #7: at least one of the monosaccharides in this disaccharide is a pyranose. Blank #8: at least one of the monosaccharides in this disaccharide is a furanose. Blank #9: at least one of the monosaccharides in this disaccharide is ribose. Blank #10: at least one of the monosaccharides in this disaccharide is a ketose. Blank #11: at least one of the monosaccharides in this disaccharide is the L-stereoisomer. Blank #12: at least one of the monosaccharides in this disaccharide is an epimer of glucose.

True/False only gives two options (true/false) and does not shuffle the options.  Sometimes, instructors create true/false questions out of the Multiple Choice  question category so that true/false can shuffle positions.   Unicorns are mythological creatures

Multiple Answers questions are similar to Multiple choice, except testers can choose more than one answer.  Mark the correct answer(s) by clicking the arrows to the left of the “Possible Answer”.   Unicorns are:

Matching questions give testers two columns and require them to match the term on the left side with the correct answer on the right side.  This also has an option to include distractors.

The molecule 2,3-biphosphoglycerate (2,3-BPG) regulates the oxygen binding affinity of hemoglobin. The graph below shows the oxygen binding curves for hemoglobin in the presence of 2,3-BPG both at normal levels (red, middle) and at high levels (green, right), as well as in the absence of 2,3-BPG (blue, left). The partial pressure of oxygen both in the lungs and in the tissues are indicated (in mmHg).  Blank #1: What type of effector is 2,3-BPG? (positive/negative, homotropic/heterotropic) Blank #2: How much oxygen (%) is delivered to the tissues by hemoglobin with normal levels of 2,3-BPG? Blank #3: How much oxygen (%) is delivered to the tissues by hemoglobin when there is no 2,3-BPG present? Blank #4: Compared to normal levels of 2,3-BPG, how much more/less oxygen (%) is delivered to the tissues when there is no 2,3-BPG? Your answer should state “xx% more/less oxygen is delivered to the tissues”. Blank #5: In addition to 2,3-BPG, name two other effectors (making sure you state whether you have higher or lower concentrations of that effector) that would shift the “normal” red binding curve of hemoglobin to the left (blue). Your answer should be something like: Higher/lower concentration of ____, higher/lower concentration of ____.