A code of ethics describes obligations to which of the following stakeholders?

The Critical Path is the path of activities on a schedule that have zero float.

Why are cost codes used in construction accounting?

The baseline schedule must be approved and accepted by the owner in order to be used for project monitoring and control.

Use the schedule network diagram below to answer the question: If Activity H takes 11 days to complete instead of 8, what will be the impact on date of completion of the entire project? (Image #5)  

To elucidate the role of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) in follicular recruitment, its regulatory mechanisms, and its potential applications in treating reproductive diseases and preserving fertility in women undergoing cancer treatments. Objective 1: To determine the mechanisms governing AMH release and its role in preventing primordial follicle activation. Hypothesis 1: AMH expression is stimulated by oocyte-derived growth factors BMP15 and GDF9, which modulate granulosa cell proliferation and differentiation. AMH reduces follicular sensitivity to FSH by downregulating FSH receptor expression. Objective 2: To investigate the role of AMH in the pathogenesis of reproductive diseases such as PCOS and related cancers. Hypothesis 2: Elevated AMH levels contribute to decreased antral follicle count and ovulatory dysfunction, leading to estrogen deficiency and luteal insufficiency, which are key factors in PCOS and certain cancers. Objective 3: To explore the use of supplemental AMH for fertility preservation in women undergoing chemotherapy. Hypothesis 3: Supplemental AMH will arrest follicular development, maintaining quiescent follicles during chemotherapy, and allowing resumption of regular cycles post-treatment, thus preserving fertility. References: Convissar, S., et al. (2017). Regulation of AMH by Oocyte-Specific Growth Factors in Human Cumulus Cells. Reproduction, 154(6), 745–753. Rudnicka, E., et al. (2021). Anti-Müllerian Hormone in Pathogenesis and Treatment of PCOS. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(22), 12507.

To investigate the regulatory role of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) on thecal androgen production and evaluate its impact on steroidogenic gene expression and oocyte viability in bovine follicles. Objective 1: To evaluate the effects of varying concentrations of FSH on proliferation rate and thecal androgen production in in vitro cultured bovine follicles. Hypothesis 1: FSH does not directly affect thecal androgen production in cultured bovine follicles. Objective 2: To examine the impact of FSH concentration on the transcriptomic profiles of steroidogenic-related genes in bovine follicles. Hypothesis 2: FSH concentration modulates the expression patterns of key steroidogenic genes involved in androgen and estrogen synthesis. Objective 3: To assess the effects of excessive FSH treatments on oocyte transcriptome integrity and viability. Hypothesis 3: Excessive FSH disrupts oocyte viability and alters the transcriptomic profile, potentially impairing subsequent follicular development. References: Armstrong, D.T., et al. (1979). Regulation of Follicular Estrogen Biosynthesis. Ben-Chetrit, A., et al. (1996). Ovarian Response to Recombinant Human FSH in LH-Depleted Women.

To elucidate the role of estradiol feedback on GnRH pulse generation in postpartum beef cows and its implications for the resumption of estrous cyclicity. Objective 1: To quantify changes in GnRH pulse frequency and amplitude in response to varying levels of estradiol during the postpartum period. Hypothesis 1: Estradiol levels positively regulate GnRH pulse frequency and amplitude, facilitating the resumption of estrous cyclicity postpartum. Objective 2: To investigate the relationship between estradiol levels and LH surge onset in postpartum cows. Hypothesis 2: A critical threshold of estradiol is required to trigger the preovulatory LH surge, with delayed estradiol rises contributing to anovulation in early postpartum cows. Objective 3: To assess the impact of estradiol supplementation on the timing of the first postpartum ovulation. Hypothesis 3: Estradiol supplementation during the early postpartum period will advance the timing of first ovulation by enhancing GnRH and LH surge dynamics. References: Stevenson, J.S., et al. (1999). Estradiol Regulation of Gonadotropin Secretion in Postpartum Beef Cows. Journal of Animal Science, 77(5), 1320–1326. Wiltbank, M.C., et al. (2018). Regulation of Estradiol and LH Surge in Cows. Theriogenology, 112, 6–15.

To investigate the regulatory relationship between kisspeptin and leptin as gatekeepers of puberty in beef heifers, evaluating their roles in hypothalamic pathways across developmental stages and production cycles. Objective 1: To elucidate the mechanisms by which leptin regulates Kiss1 expression in the hypothalamus. Hypothesis 1: Leptin acts as a Kiss1 regulator in the arcuate nucleus, influencing pulsatile GnRH frequency and subsequent reproductive processes. Objective 2: To determine if significant post-pubertal body weight fluctuations alter the neuroendocrine pathways involving NPY, POMC, and kisspeptin. Hypothesis 2: Significant weight fluctuations will impact neuroendocrine pathway function, potentially impairing reproductive efficiency in mature cows, but pathway structure will remain unaffected if fully developed prepuberty. Objective 3: To assess whether underdeveloped kisspeptin pathways can recover structurally and functionally with increased energy intake post-puberty. Hypothesis 3: Increased energy intake post-puberty can restore kisspeptin pathway efficiency, enhancing reproductive performance. References: Amstalden, M., et al. (2014). Hypothalamic Neuropeptides and Nutritional Programming of Puberty in Heifers. Journal of Animal Science, 92(8), 3211–3222. Cardoso, R.C., et al. (2018). Neuroendocrine Signaling Pathways and Nutritional Control of Puberty in Heifers. Animal Reproduction.

To evaluate the application of bovine anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) testing in a large Mississippi beef cattle herd and determine its utility in improving reproductive performance and profitability. Objective 1: To determine the accuracy of a one-time AMH test in identifying fertility, longevity, and ovarian reserves in a large beef cattle herd. Hypothesis 1: The static nature of AMH levels throughout the estrous cycle will allow a single AMH test to reliably predict reproductive parameters. Objective 2: To assess the predictive value of AMH testing in untested heifers and compare AMH levels between beef and dairy cattle across regions, focusing on Mississippi herds. Hypothesis 2: AMH testing will predict reproductive longevity in heifers, with ideal AMH thresholds differing between Mississippi beef cattle and other breeds or regions. Objective 3: To perform a cost-benefit analysis of using AMH testing for heifer selection and culling decisions in beef cattle herds. Hypothesis 3: AMH testing will provide economic benefits by reducing costs associated with maintaining subfertile cows and improving herd reproductive efficiency. References: Umer, S., Zhao, S.J., et al. (2019). AMH: A Biomarker for Fertility in Domestic Animals. Genes, 10(12), 1009. Ansh Labs. Bovine AMH Testing.