An elderly woman is concerned about her risk of fractures due to osteoporosis.  How does age affect the risk of osteoporosis and fractures? 

A pregnant woman with a history of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is concerned about her risk during pregnancy.  How does pregnancy affect her risk of thromboembolic events? 

A neonate frequently spits up after feeding and shows signs of discomfort. What is the most likely condition? 

A patient with diabetes insipidus has excessive urine output and dehydration. 

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection can be: 

A patient with refractory hypertension is diagnosed with a pheochromocytoma. What is the underlying cause of hypertension in this condition?

An 80-year-old patient has a reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).  What factors contribute to reduced eGFR in older adults? 

Blood flows from branches of the hepatic artery and portal vein at the periphery of the lobule through the sinusoids to the: 

During a meal, which hormone is likely to be released to coordinate activity in the proximal segments of the GI tract? 

A patient with portal hypertension is being treated to reduce hepatic vascular resistance. Which of the following mechanisms is targeted by this treatment?