Local anesthetics relieve pain by blocking channels in peripheral nerves.

Local anesthetics relieve pain by blocking channels in peripheral nerves.

Analgesia from rTMS over the dlPFC is blocked by the opioid antagonist .

Local anesthetics work by enhancing potassium channel activity in spinal neurons.

NSAIDs reduce pain by inhibiting the enzyme , which produces prostaglandins.

NSAIDs reduce pain by inhibiting the enzyme , which produces prostaglandins.

Descending modulation contributes to stress-induced analgesia by engaging brainstem opioid circuits.

Which of the following best describes the role of CB1 receptors in descending pain modulation?

Why are peripherally-restricted CB1 agonists being developed?

cells in the RVM decrease firing before a nocifensive response and are antinociceptive.