A method of encryption that requires the same secret key to encipher and decipher the message is known as ____ encryption.

Failure to develop an information security system based on the organization’s mission, vision, and culture guarantees the failure of the information security program.

____ is a hybrid cryptosystem that combines some of the best available cryptographic algorithms and has become the open-source de facto standard for encryption and authentication of e-mail and file storage applications.

Common implementations of RA include: systems to issue digital certificates to users and servers; directory enrollment; key issuing systems; tools for managing the key issuance; and verification and return of certificates.

A(n) ____ plan deals with the identification, classification, response, and recovery from an incident.

Secure Electronic Transactions was developed by MasterCard and VISA in 1997 to protect against electronic payment fraud.

NNIST Special Publication 800-18 Rev. 1, The Guide for Developing Security Plans for Federal Information Systems, includes templates for major application security plans.

A(n) registration authority issues, manages, authenticates, signs, and revokes users’ digital certificates, which typically contain the user name, public key, and other identifying information.

____ attacks are a collection of brute-force methods that attempt to deduce statistical relationships between the structure of the unknown key and the ciphertext that is the output of the cryptosystem.

____ is an integrated system of software, encryption methodologies, protocols, legal agreements, and third-party services that enables users to communicate securely.