In lecture, an example was shown and discussed that showed a greater percentage of cells with well-defined stress fibers on surfaces where peptides (of the same type) were conjugated to surfaces using star PEG (where more than one peptide was conjugated per PEG tether) rather than one-arm PEG (where only 1 peptide was conjugated per PEG tether), but the total peptide density was the same in both conditions.  What most likely contributed to the increase in well-formed stress fibers?  

According to Gibbs Law of free energy:  ∆G = ∆H – T(∆ S)  In order for protein adsorption to occur spontaneously, ∆G must be a positive number.

Alginate is a natural polysaccharide material that forms a very hydrophilic hydrogel that resists protein adsorption, yet due to being a natural material, mammalian cells will recognize it directly.

The images below show MSCs on two different surfaces (A and B).  Which material is more favorable for MSC adhesion?  Explain two reasons why you can conclude this.   

During human embryonic development, the notochord goes on to become the brain and spinal cord.

List 2 reasons why we want scaffolds to degrade in tissue engineering.  Also, name 2 ways properties of a scaffold may change as it degrades.  

Jackson has experienced a stroke. He is found to have left hemiparesis (weakness on the left side of the body). He is also having difficulty perceiving vibration on the left side of his body. He can speak clearly and is able to respond to complicated verbal commands. Based on the physical exam findings, what specific area(s) of Jackson’s brain have been damaged as a result of his stroke? . 

In the micturition reflex urine is actively expelled from the bladder (smooth muscle). The postganglionic neuron releases acetylcholine, which binds to muscarinic receptors and causes the bladder muscle to contract. In someone who experiences urine leakage (incontinence) would you administer a muscarinic antagonist or agonist. Explain your reasoning.

Jackson has experienced a stroke. He is found to have right hemiparesis (weakness on the right side of the body). He is having difficulty articulating answers to questions asked, speaking only a few words and frequently responding with just a verb or noun.  However, he can respond to complicated verbal commands. Based on the physical exam findings, what specific area(s) of Jackson’s brain have been damaged as a result of his stroke? . 

A patient becomes aware of his leg extending. Of the choices provided, what is the 3rd step in the neural pathway that allows him to identify what he is feeling?