One of the first commercially available genetically engineered drugs was Human Growth Hormone (HGH), which was used to treat human growth hormone deficiency. To produce HGH, genetic engineers modified the genome of the bacteria E. coli to express the HGH gene. To do this, scientists first had to create a DNA vector with a bacterial regulatory sequence and human coding sequence (insulin gene). This DNA vector, containing two genes from different organisms, is known as…

What evidence in living cells today suggests that RNA was the first self-replicating “information” molecule?

Processes in the thalamus are involved in cognitive judgments about pain, which contributes to the strong emotions often experienced during pain.

Developing immunity to diseases can be done by exposure, adapting or:

Fill in the missing words (8 marks)    Allergies  Allergies are the most widespread immune problem. They are a signal that the immune system is  by mistake. Most allergic reactions generally make the majority of people . They are common and usually not very .    Correctly spell the word for a more serious allergic reaction that affects the whole body:  reaction    To prevent allergies, the immune system can be built up by introducing small of the allergen to the body to make us less to them and to not to react too strongly. 

Write three of the positive steps to living a healthy lifestyle according to the speaker: (3 marks)

The job of the immune system is to protect our bodies against harmful germs.

What is a synonym for the word ‘overwhelmed’?

What can overpower the short term pleasure of distractions?

What do we call the activities we do to avoid doing an unattractive task?