Q45. A Golden retriever (photo ‘A’) has cutaneous histiocytosis, an inflammatory Lymphohistiocytic proliferative disorder that primarily involves skin and subcutis. Lesions may disappear spontaneously or regress and appear at new sites simultaneously. A biopsy of the skin (see photomicrograph ‘B’) reveals cells that are on IHC and express CD1, CD11c, MHC class II, CD4, and CD90. On transmission EM (see photomicrograph ‘C’), the tumor cells contain Birbeck granules comprised of antigen-bound Langerin (Langerin is a c-type lectin). Which of the following types of immune cells is most likely responsible for the inflammatory infiltrate in this dog? 

Q14. The images show that the thymus forms during the first trimester of life from the third pharyngeal (branchial) arch. Which of the following immunologic problems would result if something interrupts the normal development of the third pharyngeal arch?

Q40. Which of these shows the lowest avidity? 

Q69. (BONUS QUESTION 04) Which of these drugs is most likely to decrease T cell activation? 

You are mapping a gene associated with a Mendelian disease, and you observe that every member of a large family afflicted with the disease shares the same RFLP pattern at a position on Chr. 11. Every member who doesn’t have the disease has a different RFLP pattern at that same position on Chr. 11. What is the next step?

How can a non-coding RNA act as an epigenetic mechanism?

A genome wide association study of 270,000 SNPs identifies a SNP of interest on Chr 9. In a population of individuals with inflammatory bowel disease, 82% of the people have a Thymine and 18% have a Guanine. In the control population, 27% of the people have an Thymine and 73% have a Guanine. The Thymine SNP on Chr 9 has an OR of 2.3. The difference in the SNP frequencies between the case and control population has a p value < 5 x 10-12.  In one sentence or in just a few words, what can researchers conclude about this result? 

A nurse is reviewing orders for a newly admitted patient for pneumonia.  The patient also has type 1 diabetes.  Blood sugar has been observed at the 200’s mg/dL level. The medications listed below are the only medications the provider ordered.  What is the nurse’s best action?   Vital signs: BP:  130/80 Heart rate:  110 Temperature:  102 F (oral) Pulse Ox:  94% Respiratory rate:  22  Medications: Azithromycin Lisinopril Metformin Acetaminophen  

Match the insulin to the correct category.

The nurse is monitoring labs for a patient taking levothyroxine.  A patient has a high TSH and a low T3 and low T4.  The nurse knows that these labs are consistent with which condition?