The statement: crime/criminals do not exist, per se; we create them by creating criminal laws; is associated with which of the following schools:

Although learning techniques for committing crime are important, Sutherland focused more on learning ___________.

  Labeling is also known as:

Some of the major criticisms of subculture theories have arisen based on information later generated by __________ studies.

  A subculture refers to:    

Differential Association is a positivist theory and it assumes that the learning process is the same for criminal and noncriminal behaviors.

  The Chicago School proposed that behavior is shaped by:    

Which of the following best describes the theory of Differential association?

  Which of the following was the first to write about Anomie?  

Shoplifting, auto theft, and burglary would best fit into which of Merton’s five modes of adaptation?