A patient in the ICU presents with severe tachypnea and hypoxemia. The respiratory rate is 30 breaths/min. The following lab results are observed on approximately 50% O₂ via mask at sea level: PaO₂ 50 mmHg, PaCO₂ 30 mmHg, pH 7.51, and HCO₃⁻ 23 mEq/L. The patient is in distress but remains alert and able to follow instructions. What is the PAO2?  ________ What is the P(A-a)O2 ________ What type of respiratory failure is this?

Because an elevated PaCO2 increases ventilatory drive in normal subjects, the clinical presence of hypercapnia indicates which of the following?

______________________ is a ventilatory strategy that permits elevated PaCO₂ levels, provided the pH remains above 7.20

Name two primary goals of mechanical ventilation.

What is the normal P(A–a)O2 range while breathing room air

You determine that an acutely ill patient can generate an NIF of –16 cm H2O. Based on this information, what might you conclude?

What is the recommended suction pressure range for adults during airway suctioning?

A patient with interstitial lung disease who present with hypoxemia due to diffusion defect would have which of the following clinical signs? Fine bibasilar crackles Clubbing of the fingernail beds Jugular venous distension Thrombocytopenia

In a steady-state process, a fluid enters a control volume at 5 kg/s and exits at 5 kg/s. What is the rate of change of mass in the control volume?

A turbine outputs 1000 kW of power and has a mass flow rate of 1.6 kg/s. If the enthalpy drop is 850 kJ/kg, what is the heat transfer rate, assuming negligible kinetic and potential energy changes?