Ollie is teaching their dog to ring a bell to go outside. However, outside is not available for at least two hours after the most recent trip outside. Ollie turns the hallway light on when outside is available, and turns the hallways light off when it isn’t. Ollie learns to ring the bell only when the hallway light is on. This is an example of:  

Which of the following best describes an example of extinction?

You have signed up for several studies, but you show up inconsistently. Eventually, you agree to participate in a study in which you earn $10 each time you show up to participate in a research study. You never miss an appointment and earn $50! The $10 is a _____.

A teacher sends a student to in-school suspension for bullying another student. The student does not bully other students anymore following the suspension. When the teacher observes another student bullying, they immediately send them to in-school suspension, removing the aversive stimulus from the environment. The teacher’s behavior is maintained by _____.

If behavior does increase when a stimulus is provided contingent on behavior, the stimulus is a reinforcer.

During indoor recess, Carter exchanged 7 tokens for time to watch preferred videos on a tablet. What do the preferred videos on a tablet function as?

You earn $50 for helping your friend’s grandparent move. You use it to purchase pizza, your cover charge for the bar, and a beer. In this scenario, the $50 is a ___________.

How does the study of phylogenetic behavior contribute to our understanding of human behavior?

What is the key distinction between noncontingent reinforcement (NCR) and contingent reinforcement?

Variability in a single-case design refers to