Characteristics of the environment outside of the food affecting microbial growth are called ____________________________.    

A toxin made of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), that is not secreted but is released after the cell is damaged is  

In 2013, there was a foodborne outbreak caused by Listeria in prepackaged refrigerated spinach. An FDA investigation found the California plant producing the spinach product washed the spinach in lukewarm water prior to packaging.  Plant documentation showed the water was to be tested for pathogens every hour during production. However, the water had not been tested nor filtered the two days prior to the first outbreak case. What was the reservoir for this pathogen?

The ________________ rate is the total number of deaths in the population due to a given disease, while the ____________________ is the number of people afflicted with a certain disease.     

The interior of fruit is considered sterile if the protective fruit coverings are intact. 

Which of the following is NOT an immunological based method? 

The ________________ rate is the total number of deaths in the population due to a given disease, while the ____________________ is the number of people afflicted with a certain disease.     

The term that refers to the presence of flagella all over the cell surface is  

Which is NOT used as a chemical preservative in food?   

All bacterial cells have