These questions must be completed before continuing to the second part of the test containing the last two questions. These three questions do not require you to do any hand writing or the use of scratch paper.  Your attention should remain on the screen while answering these questions.  Make sure that these questions are complete before moving on to Part 2.   Question 1 (10 marks) a)  Describe a situation that demonstrates Newton’s first law of motion. b) Describe how Newton’s second law connects the motion calculations that we did in Unit 1 to the dynamics concepts that we are looking at in Unit 2. c) How does a person jumping up into the air demonstrate Newton’s third law of motion?   Question 2 (10 marks) a) Describe how you could determine the net force for an object using a free body diagram.  b) For objects that are sliding across the ground (on Earth), how does the force of gravity influence the force of friction that they are experiencing?   Question 3 (10 marks) a) If an object is placed on a ramp and starts to slide down towards the bottom of the ramp, what force(s) determine it’s acceleration? b) Why would increasing the angle of a ramp increase the acceleration that an object that is sliding down the ramp experiences?    

In behavioral economics, what term is used for the reinforcer? 

In a two-choice situation for pigeons, the left key has a VI schedule that delivers 60 reinforcers per hour, and the right key has a VI schedule that delivers 20 reinforcers per hour. The matching law predicts that a pigeon will make _______ of its responses on the left key.

(T/F) Choice between reinforcers and punishers in delay discounting tasks function the exact same. That is, with both type of stimuli, an organism will choose the smaller, more immediate consequence. 

A high K-value means that a person… 

 What is this? 

Initially, the rate of reinforcement is the same in context A and context B. Later, the reinforcement rate doubles in context A. What will happen to responding in context B? 

Carefully describe the rules for reinforcement under a (i.e., define) fixed‑interval schedule and a variable‑interval schedule. What are the differences in the behavior observed on these schedules while they are in effect, and when they switch to extinction?

Describe a typical experiment that produces “learned helplessness” in dogs. What type of responding is observed in these types of experiments?  

If I wanted you to study consistently, every day for this class, what interval reinforcement schedule would you recommend? Why?