Which technique has allowed researchers to study the effects of psychostimulants on measures like DA receptor density and dopamine availability in the living human brain?

Which of the following is NOT a reason mentioned when explaining cigarette smoking?

The intended purpose of brain stimulation techniques (such as transcranial magnetic stimulation) is to treat underlying drug craving and other factors contributing to substance misuse by

The person in the pictures below is most likely              image00162d07a24.jpg

Endocannabinoids contribute to retrograde signaling in the hippocampus by

Since 1999, overdose deaths involving opioids have increased by more than six-fold, with the majority of this increase due to deaths related to _______ use.

The opiate withdrawal or abstinence syndrome

MDMA is an atypical amphetamine because it principally works by

If two people take the same dose of cocaine but one takes it orally and one injects it, they will likely have _______ neurochemical and behavioral responses because _______.

The benefit of narcotic analgesics is that they