The optimal area of ultrasound heating is 4 to 5 times the effective radiating area.

A patient is receiving a paraffin treatment, using the dip and wrap technique. Which of the following means of heat exchange is occurring through this intervention?

Which of the following conditions is NOT a contraindication common to all superficial heat interventions?

A physical therapist assistant uses ultrasound to heat tissues at a depth of approximately four centimeters. Which of the following ultrasound parameters would influence the depth of tissue heating MOST?

Which of the following is an abnormal response to the application of cold?

There is a heating effect at a molecular level as kinetic energy decreases.

Which of the following statements best explains how ultrasound waves are created?

A physical therapist assistant obtains a complete medical history prior to administering cryotherapy to a patient’s right shoulder. Which of the following conditions would NOT be considered a contraindication to cryotherapy?

You have performed a sensation test with normal results prior to the application of a 20 minute hot pack treatment to the low back. Which of the following would be the most appropriate reason to remove the heat before 20 minutes.

Prior to applying a cryotherapy intervention to a person to address a localized tendonitis, following therapeutic exercise, you check for the presence of contraindications. After doing so, you explain to the person the expected stages of perception experienced during a cryotherapy intervention. Which of the following sequences provides the correct order for the stages of cold?