The caries disease process occurs because cariogenic bacteria produce acid by-products which cause demineralization of the tooth surface.  A carious lesion results when the cumulative effects of demineralization exceed the rate of remineralization of the site.    

Gingival texture is determined by pressing the tissue lightly with a periodontal probe. Gingival texture is the most reliable indicator of gingival inflammation.  

For the following items below, assume your patient has responded positively on his/her medical history.  Using responses A or B, indicate whether or not antibiotic premedication is necessary for each condition.   A = antibiotic premedication is necessary for dental hygiene treatment B = antibiotic premedication is not necessary for dental hygiene treatment

Gingival texture is determined by pressing the tissue lightly with a periodontal probe. Gingival texture is the most reliable indicator of gingival inflammation.  

What characteristics would help the dental hygienist differentiate the universal scaler from a Gracey curet? (1)   cross-section shape of the working end (2)   number of cutting edges used (3)   shape of the toe/tip  

The caries disease process occurs because cariogenic bacteria produce acid by-products which cause demineralization of the tooth surface.  A carious lesion results when the cumulative effects of demineralization exceed the rate of remineralization of the site.    

The most effective means of preventing caries in the pits and fissures on the occlusal surface is:    

What characteristics would help the dental hygienist differentiate the universal scaler from a Gracey curet? (1)   cross-section shape of the working end (2)   number of cutting edges used (3)   shape of the toe/tip  

A long-time smoker now has tobacco stain that cannot come off with scaling and polishing procedures.  This is an example of:    

The universal scaler (Ex. Montana Jack) is best suited for scaling which type of situation: