Enlargement of the unaffected contralateral kidney with unilateral renal agenesis or compromised renal function is referred to as _____.

A cystic mass located between the umbilicus and the bladder is called a _____.

Transverse image of the urinary bladder. What is the most likely explanation for the findings on the sonographic image?

Which vessel does renal cell carcinoma commonly invade? 

Based on this longitudinal image of the kidney obtained from a 62 yo female who suffers from repeated UTI, which of the following disease processes would this patient most likely have _____.

What is an incarcerated with vascular compromise?

A 24 year old male with a history of intravenous drug abuse is referred to the sonography department with a history of left flank pain, fever and chills.  You perform a renal sonogram and demonstrate a complex mass containing low-level echoes and debris.  It also contains hyperechoic foci associated with ring-down artifacts.  What is the most likely explanation for these findings?

In patients with appendicitis, the outer diameter should measure at least _____ mm.

What is a smooth membrane that lines the entire abdominal cavity and is reflectd over contained organs?

The walls of the distended urinary bladder should not measure greater than _____ mm.