An Ancient Indian cosmological concept known as was the idea of the reincarnation of souls by the continual process of rebirth. This concept was used by Ancient Indian religions such as Brahmanism, Jainism, Buddhism, and Hinduism.

Part of the High Middle Ages in Europe, was a revival of Christian thought, the developments of Gothic art and architecture, and a literary flowering of epics, poems, and romances. It was characterized by the construction of Gothic Cathedrals, the rise of universities, the development of scholasticism, the growth of towns, and a variety of intellectual developments

A consort of emperor Xuanzong (r. 713-756) in the Tang Dynasty, was a full-figured beauty whose looks and style influenced Tang standards of beauty. She was considered a distracting influence on Xuanzong, who was quite enamored with her and grew disinterested in the details of government. The emperor allowed her to place friends and relatives into important positions in government. One of her favorites, An Lushan, was a general who had received his position due to her influence; he rebelled against the emperor in 755 – an act which had devastating consequences to the Tang Dynasty. An Lushan’s rebellion led to the execution of Xuanzong’s favored consort.

was an eleventh century Muslim traveler who explored the Trans-Saharan Trade route. This character’s accounts are important historical sources about the kingdoms of Ghana and Mali.

​Abu Ubaydallah Al-Bakri​The Battle of Ayn Jalut​The Byzantine Empire​Benjamin Ben Jonah of Tudela​Cleopatra VII​The First Triumvirate​Gaius Gracchus​Gaius Marius​Great Zimbabwe​Harem​The Iconoclastic Controversy​Justinian’s Code​Madrasas​Mu’awiya​Odoacer​Queen Dido​Roman Mystery Cults​Shintoism​Sima Qian​St. Augustine of Hippo​St. Patrick​The Rule​The Sassanid Empire​The Second Triumvirate​The Silk Road​Sunna​Tertullian​The Trans-Saharan Trade​Yang Guifei​Zhu Seng Du

Ungraded Practice Questions:  These first few items are 0-point practice problems that will not impact your final score. Corrected answers and feedback are offered after you submit the assignment. Because these questions come from a bank of options, they will vary each time you start a new practice quiz. 

Read the following abstract from a journal article and identify the level of measurement for the independent variable: “We examine the relative pay of occupations involving care, such as teaching, counseling, providing health services, or supervising children. We use panel data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth covering workers between 17 and 35 years of age. Care work pays less than other occupations after controlling for the education and employment experience of the workers, many occupation and industry characteristics, and … unmeasured, stable characteristics of those who hold the jobs.” Paula England, Michelle Budig, Nancy Folbre, Wages of Virtue: The Relative Pay of Care Work, Social Problems, Volume 49, Issue 4, 1 November 2002, Pages 455–473,

Work out the following problem by hand and prove the following. Upload a photo of your work. \( \exists x , \quad Ka \quad \therefore \quad \exists x (Bx \land x = a) \)

Work out the following problem by hand and show that each of the following arguments is valid using a natural deduction proof in FOL. Upload a photo of your work. \( \forall x (Lx \rightarrow Gx), \quad \exists x Lx \quad \therefore \quad \exists x Gx \)

Evaluate the limit  first by using techniques from Chapter 1 then by using L’Hopital’s Rule. ​