Based on this statement, was the sample a probability sample? College students in three sections of a remedial reading and study skills course participated in the study. These students had been placed in this basic skills course on the basis of scores below 500 on the verbal section of the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) and scores on the Nelson Denny Reading Test (Form E) of either below 45 on the comprehension subtest or below 44 on the vocabulary subtest. Analyses of these test data revealed no significant differences among the three classes (all Fs < 1), suggesting that the three classes did not differ in preexperimental verbal abilities. Mean age of participants was 19.09 years. Classes were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: self- questioning, summarizing, and notetaking-review (an untrained control group). Seven students were dropped from the three groups due to absence during practice or testing sessions, resulting in the following group sizes: self-questioning-19, summarizing- 19, and notetaking-review.

A middle school wanted to evaluate the efficacy of a 6-month after-school program designed to teach 7th grade students math concepts. The program involved weekly sessions that used computer apps that had tutorials and practice problems. Students (n= 100) who were struggling in math (based on 6th grade math scores) were included in the program.  At the beginning of the year the students took a math pretest (reliability = .45) and scored a mean of 15 (out of 100). After 6-months 65 of the 100 students remained in the program.  These 65 students were posttested and scored an average of 45 on the identical test that was used at pretest (out of 100).  The reliability of the posttest was .75. For each threat to internal validity, define the threat and briefly discuss if this threat is likely. History

List 1 source of measurement validity evidence from the Standards of Educational and Psychological Measurement AND briefly described how the evidence is collected..

 In the Meselson-Stahl experiment, which observation ruled out the conservative model of DNA replication? 

What is  “axial coding”?

 In Griffith’s experiment, a substance from heat-killed S-type cells resulted in _______ of R-type cells. 

  What percentage of variance in the outcome is explained by the independent variables?

Extra Credit. No penalty for trying.  What is the variance of these scores? Suppose the following 3 students had these scores on a test: Student             Score Eric                              1 Erin                              5 Nick                             3   

List 1 source of measurement validity evidence from the Standards of Educational and Psychological Measurement AND briefly described how the evidence is collected..

King Article   This section has 9 questions based on Alison King’s article “Comparison of Self-Questioning, Summarizing, and Notetaking-Review as Strategies for Learning From Lectures”.  You do not need the article to answer the questions. “Asking and answering high-level questions during learning presumably facilitates students’ comprehension by inducing such cognitive abilities as focusing attention, organizing the new material, and integrating the new information with existing knowledge” In this statement what type of variable is “focusing attention”?