Lingyan and Marvin are two graduate students in clinical psy…

Lingyan and Marvin are two graduate students in clinical psychology who are arguing about the dodo bird effect.  They have opposing viewpoints on the matter; Lingyan states that all therapies are roughly equally equivalent and the most important part of therapy is the common factors.  Marvin disagrees and cites Dr. Chambless’ argument against the dodo bird effect, which states…

Dennis is a 30 year old adult who is interested in quitting…

Dennis is a 30 year old adult who is interested in quitting smoking.  He has spent some time thinking about quitting and has decided that it will be possible and it will be worth the discomfort in the long run.  He has taken small steps towards quitting, such as reducing his daily use and joining a support group.  Which stage of change, under the transtheoretical model of change (stages of change model) is Dennis most likely in?