In Sudden Cardiac Death in young athletes, what is determined to be the most common cause?

A 11-year-old male is seen for well-care. On physical examination a painless mass in the left side of his scrotum is felt. On exam he has a positive silk glove sign. The MOST likely diagnosis is:

Poisoning is considered an injury. What is the top category of substances leading to a fatal outcome from poisoning in all childhood groups?       

The teacher of a 6-year-old refers the child to healthcare provider for an evaluation of frequent episodes of staring. The episodes occur daily and are brief, lasting no more than 5-8 seconds. There are typically several events per day. Occasionally, when the children are playing during recess, the child will stop their activity and exhibit a blank facial expression. The child picks at their clothing during these episodes. Following the event, the child resumes whatever activity previously engaged in. The mother states that she has not noticed any of these particular spells but notes that the child frequently “daydreams” during which the child is unresponsive to verbal stimuli. On  reviewing the family history, it is discovered that there is a familial history of “seizures” unresponsive to medications. The mother herself recalls having similar “daydreaming episodes” as a child for which she was treated with medication until high school. Of note, there is a strong family history of depression. On physical examination of the child there is a large café au lait spot on the posterior thorax. The cranial nerve examination is unremarkable and there is equal strength in both the upper and lower extremities with deep tendon reflexes symmetric at 2+ of 4. The gait is normal. What is the MOST likely diagnosis?

A 16-year old presents following a football game in which he collided with another player. Which complaints warrant emergency room referral?

What is the most common long-term complication of neonatal circumcision? 

I have increased my knowledge of pediatric illnesses this semester. 

A 6-year-old boy presents with a 1-month history of patchy alopecia in the occipital region of the scalp. Examination reveals a well-circumscribed area of hair loss in which all the hairs appear to be broken off at the scalp surface. Occipital lymph nodes are prominent. Which of the following statement(s) regarding the likely diagnosis is correct (multiple answers)?  

A  2-week old newborn is being seen who was discharged from the nursery after a normal neonatal course. On your physical examination you notice a sacral dimple. When is it not necessary to obtain radiographic imaging for a sacral dimple?  

An adolescent boy comes to the office after school for a sports physical. there is no significant past medical history. He is well appearing and growing normally. His blood pressure, pulse, respiratory rate, and temperature are all within the normal limits. His physical exam is normal. His freshly voided urine sample shows 2+ protein with a specific gravity of 1.030 with all else normal with a urine dipstick. What would you do next?