A beginning first grade student is able to segment and prono…

A beginning first grade student is able to segment and pronounce the first sound in a spoken word. He tries to guess the words by looking at the first letter only. When he writes words, he spells a few sounds phonetically, but not all the sounds. According to Ehri, this student is most likely in which phase of word-reading development?

Researchers are studying the neuronal action potential. The…

Researchers are studying the neuronal action potential. The study finds that the first step involves opening ligand-gated ion channels, which allows calcium ions into the nerve cell, thus increasing membrane potential positivity. This step triggers the opening of voltage-gated ion channels and depolarization due to the influx of ion X. After a few milliseconds, another voltage-gated ion channel opens and allows molecule Y to efflux outside the cell, causing repolarization of the cell membrane. Which of the following is most likely ion X and Y?