Keith was recently in a car accident in which he suffered a severe concussion. After the accident he had difficulty recalling events that had occurred before the accident.  Keith is suffering from:

Andy earns a free flight for every 1,000 miles he flies.  Such programs rely on which reinforcement schedule?

Andy listens to the same radio station every morning because they give away prizes. He never knows how long he’ll have to listen before he can call in and win. Thus, these contests demonstrate which reinforcement schedule?

Whenever Sahela swears in front of her parents, her parents put her on time-out. However, if her parents aren’t around, she can swear without getting in trouble. Thus, she frequently swears in their absence, but not when they are present. Sahela’s behavior best demonstrates which drawback of using punishment?

Janet learned MLA formatting in high school, and now, as a psychology major, she is expected to learning APA formatting. The better she gets at APA formatting, she finds it harder to recall the previous knowledge of the MLA style, demonstrating:

J.J. notices that the more he studies for an exam, the more confident he feels going into the exam.  Consequently, he starts studying more, because his behavior of studying is being:

J.J. notices that the more he studies for an exam, the less anxious he feels going into the exam.  Consequently, he starts studying more, because his behavior of studying is being:

Growing up, Lana noticed that her dad was often irritated by people who appeared homeless.  Now, Lana often exhibits negative attitudes towards those living in poverty, particularly those who are homeless.  Her learned prejudice could best be explained by: 

Keiko’s mother often nags Keiko to keep her apartment clean, so before her mother arrives for a visit, Keiko thoroughly cleans the entire apartment to avoid her mother’s nagging. Keiko’s motivation to clean her apartment is most likely driven by which type of consequence?

Which of the following is an example of a fixed ratio reinforcement schedule?