A 68-year-old patient with end-stage renal disease on hemodi…

A 68-year-old patient with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis presents with extreme fatigue, pallor, and a hemoglobin level of 6.5 g/dL. Laboratory results show a significantly low erythropoietin level, as well as elevated BUN and creatinine levels. The healthcare provider orders a blood transfusion, as well as erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) for future management. Which of the following mechanisms explains the patient’s need for a blood transfusion due to his anemia, and why are ESAs indicated for future management?

Two weeks after kidney transplantation, a client develops a…

Two weeks after kidney transplantation, a client develops a temperature of 101⁰ F, an elevated blood pressure, and an extremely tender kidney. An x-ray indicates that the transplanted kidney is enlarged. Based on these assessment findings, the nurse would suspect which of the following complications?

A 68-year-old patient with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) pr…

A 68-year-old patient with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) presents to the hospital with complaints of progressive shortness of breath, orthopnea, and fatigue over the past 48 hours. The patient has been on hemodialysis for 1 year due to diabetic nephropathy. Physical examination reveals tachypnea, bibasilar crackles on auscultation, jugular venous distention (JVD), and pitting edema in the lower extremities. The patient’s blood pressure is 180/100 mm Hg, heart rate is 110 bpm, and oxygen saturation is 85% on room air. Laboratory results show: BUN: 88 mg/dL Creatinine: 6.5 mg/dL Sodium: 135 mEq/L Potassium: 5.0 mEq/L Which of the following is the most likely cause of the patient’s pulmonary symptoms?