“Brain imaging studies show that smokers with insula damage lose their craving for cigarettes.”

Why do adjunctive behaviors emerge under intermittent reinforcement schedules?

What is the key characteristic of activity anorexia?

“In operant conditioning, stimuli can have multiple functions, such as serving both as discriminative stimuli (SD) and conditioned stimuli (CS).” 

Which brain regions are involved in sign tracking and incentive salience?

“Learned helplessness has been used as a model for understanding clinical depression.”

“In the Brelands’ study, raccoons failed to deposit coins in a box because the coins became conditioned reinforcers.”

“Longer exposure to punishment increases its effectiveness more than increasing its intensity.”

What is conditioned suppression?

Explain the difference between positive practice overcorrection and restitutional overcorrection, with examples.