A patient with an infection has elevated levels of cytokines in their blood. What is the role of these cytokines in acute inflammation? 

Which of the following is a common cause of rotator cuff injuries in the shoulder? 

A patient with a tissue injury is being treated for acute inflammation. Which of the following best describes the sequence of events that occur during this process? 

A newborn presents with asymmetry in gluteal folds during a well-baby exam. The Ortolani maneuver elicits a palpable “clunk.” Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? 

A 70-year-old female’s cells are found to have entered replicative senescence.  What is the significance of this state? 

A 50-year-old male presents with numbness and tingling in his ring and little fingers. He reports that his symptoms are worse when he leans on his elbow or bends his arm for extended periods. Physical examination reveals a positive Tinel’s sign at the elbow.  What is the most likely diagnosis? 

A patient is infected with a bacterial pathogen. Which cells present antigens to CD4 T cells to initiate an adaptive immune response? 

A 35-year-old male presents with knee pain and swelling after twisting his knee while playing soccer. He reports a sensation of the knee “locking” and “giving way.” Physical examination reveals joint line tenderness and a positive McMurray test.  What is the most likely diagnosis? 

Which of the following substances is released by activated platelets to recruit more platelets to the site of injury? 

A 45-year-old male with a history of osteoporosis is found to have low bone density on a DEXA scan. Laboratory tests show normal calcium and phosphate levels.  What is the most likely explanation for his low bone density?