4.    The reflex contraction of flexor muscles and the simultaneous relaxation of extensor muscles is a? a.    monosynaptic synaptic reflexb.    polysynaptic reflexc.    reciprocal inhibitiond.   reverberating circuite.   ipsilateral reflex

38.    If an injury or blow to the head results in damage to the pyramidal cells of the motor homunculus of the cerebral cortex, symptoms would likely include? a.    loss of feeling or numbness in the hands and legs due to a damaged sensory cortexb.    weakness and/or paralysis of skeletal muscle based on where the injury is pinpointedc.    inability to involuntarily breathe due to a damaged phrenic nerve off C3 to the diaphragm d.    loss of consciousness due to damage of the hypothalamus and limbic systeme.    the inability to see and know what one is seeing  

16.      The correct order of structures involving the spinal cord from innermost to outermost, is? a.    vertebral canal, epidural space, dura mater, subdural space, arachnoid, subarachnoid space, pia mater, spinal cordb.    spinal cord, pia mater, arachnoid, subarachnoid space, epidural space, dura mater, sub dural space, vertebral canalc.    spinal cord, pia mater, subarachnoid space, arachnoid, epidural space, dura mater, sub dural space, vertebral canald.    spinal cord, pia mater, arachnoid, subarachnoid space, sub dural space, dura mater, epidural space, vertebral canal e.    spinal cord, pia mater, sub arachnoid space, arachnoid, sub dural space, dura mater, epidural space, vertebral canal 

26.     Which association below, regarding spinal nerve plexuses, is FALSE? a.    Cervical plexus ~ C1-C5, neck muscles, phrenic nerve at C-3, diaphragm innervationb.    Brachial plexus ~ C5-T1, upper limbs, radial nerve, median nerve, ulnar nervec.    Lumbar plexus ~ T12//L1-L4, pelvic area,  lower limbs, femoral nerve d.    Sacral plexus ~ L4-S4, pubic area, lower limbs, sciatic nerve, lumbrosacral jointe.    Lumbo-sacral plexus ~ L5-S1, contains the lumbar & sacral plexus and is a common site for lower back pain as we age  

32.    Name the final relay point for ascending “sensory” information that is projected higher up to the primary sensory cortex? a.    spinal cordb.    medulla oblongatac.    motor homonculusd.    thalamus in the diencephalone.    brain stem  

7.    Name the meninge covering the spinal cord, that forms the innermost boundary of the subarachnoid space? a.    dural foldb.    arachnoidc.    dura materd.    pia matere.    denticulate ligament

5.    The ventral roots of each spinal cord segment? a.    bring sensory information into the spinal cord via the dorsal rootsb.    control voluntary contraction of skeletal muscle (SM)c.    contain both somatic motor (SM) & visceral motor (VM) neuronsd.    receive sensory information from enteroceptors, proprioceptors, & exteroceptors e.    b & c

24.    Four of the five symptoms listed below could occur in a person that severs the sensory & motor neurons in the spinal cord at the level of C-3.        What symptom below would NOT occur in this person? a.    inability to breathe voluntarilyb.    inability to sense feelings in the arms and legsc.    quadriplegia or inability to move the arms and legsd.    inability to eat & swallow foode.    paraplegia or inability to move the arms

21. In a spinal diagnostic procedure known as myelography?   a. cerebrospinal fluid is withdrawn from the L3-L4 region of the spinal cord for diagnosis b. local anesthetic is introduced into the epidural space for C-sections c. a radiopaque dye is injected into the subarachnoid space at L3-L4 for diagnosis d. dye is injected directly into the spinal cord to detect a herniated disc e. spinal nerves are damaged during this procedure since spinal cord puncture occurs    

31.    What is the primary purpose of the blood brain barrier (BBB)? a.    provides the brain with oxygenated bloodb.    provides the brain with glucose & other nutrientsc.    drains venous blood via the internal jugular vein back to the heartd.    is a barrier that protects the brain from toxic substances in the bloode.    causes strokes when blood cannot flow to the brain