A patient with kidney disease has low levels of active vitamin D. What role do the kidneys play in vitamin D metabolism? 
	A patient with liver cirrhosis is found to have dilated vein…
A patient with liver cirrhosis is found to have dilated veins in the esophagus. What is the most likely diagnosis? 
	A patient is experiencing issues with reabsorption in the ne…
A patient is experiencing issues with reabsorption in the nephron tubules. What is the primary mechanism for reabsorption of filtered substances in the nephron tubules? 
	A patient has a disrupted sleep-wake cycle affecting their h…
A patient has a disrupted sleep-wake cycle affecting their hormone levels. How does chronotropic control regulate hormone secretion?
	A 70-year-old woman with T2DM is experiencing frequent hypog…
A 70-year-old woman with T2DM is experiencing frequent hypoglycemic episodes. What factors contribute to her increased risk of hypoglycemia?
	A patient with a known history of Crohn disease presents wit…
A patient with a known history of Crohn disease presents with diarrhea and visible blood in the stool. What is the most likely cause of the bleeding? 
	A patient presents with symptoms of nausea, vomiting, and ea…
A patient presents with symptoms of nausea, vomiting, and early satiety. Which condition is characterized by decreased gastric motility and could explain these symptoms? 
	A patient with Cushing’s syndrome has elevated cortisol leve…
A patient with Cushing’s syndrome has elevated cortisol levels. Which layer of the adrenal cortex is responsible for cortisol production? 
	A patient with chronic liver disease shows increased hepatic…
A patient with chronic liver disease shows increased hepatic vascular resistance. Which change in sinusoidal endothelial cells is most likely responsible? 
	A patient is exposed to a xenobiotic that undergoes only pha…
A patient is exposed to a xenobiotic that undergoes only phase 2 reactions in the liver. What is the expected outcome?