Which of the following statements are true of alveolar overdistension / hyperinflation ? a.  It can be identified by assessing pressure / volume waveform b.  It appears as ” beaking ” deformity on pressure / volume loop c.  If not corrected can lead to barotrauma, VILI and pneumothorax d.  Can be corrected by decreasing tidal volume on Volume control ventilation and decreasing the PIP ( peak inspiratory pressure) on pressure control mode of ventilation e.  All of the above statements are true

Which of the following best describes the difference between V/Q mismatch and shunt when supplemental oxygen is administered? A. Both will respond equally well. B.  V/Q mismatch will respond well but shunt will not. C. V/Q  mismatch will not respond but shunt will respond well. D. Neither will respond to the administration of supplemental oxygen.

What literary work by Wordsworth and Coleridge started the Romantic Literary movement?

Which of the following types of waveforms may be used to determine if a leak is present in a ventilator – patient system? a.  volume / time b.  pressure/ volume loop c.  flow/ volume loop d.  all of the above can be used to determine a leak

Ventilator waveforms can be used to identify which of the following problems/ abnormalities? I.   Patient trigger/ inspiratory effort II.  adequacy of peak inspiratory flow rates III. airway resistance IV. air leak / auto peep   a.  I, II and III only   b.  I and II only    c.  II, III, and IV only    d.  I, II, III, and IV

A patient is on 24% venturi mask running at 2 lpm what is the total flow delivered to the patient?

Hypoxemia can be caused by which of the following? I. diffusion impairment II. alveolar hypoventilation III.  V/Q mismatch IV. intrapulmonary shunting   A. I, II, and III B. I, III, and IV C. I, II, III, and IV D. II, III, and IV

A patient develops acute hypercapnic respiratory failure due to muscle fatigue. Which of the following modes of ventilatory support would you consider for this patient? I. assist-control ventilation with adequate backup II. continuous positive airway pressure III. synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation with adequate backup rate IV. bilevel pressure support ( Bipap ) by mask   A. II and IV B. III and IV C. I, II, and III D. I, III, and IV

Assessment reveals: Chest radiograph reveals flattened diaphragm, hyperlucency with increase in intercostal space. Right cardiac silhouette is enlarged. ABG results on 2 lpm nasal cannula are pH 7.25, PaCO2 75  mmHg, PaO2 50 mmHg, HCO3 32 mEq/L. CBC: Hb 19 g/dl, Hct 57%, WBC 8,000 Lytes: Na 143, Cl 101, K 4.5, CO2 32 EKG: Sinus tachycardiaThe patient is still awake and alert and has a strong cough. What would you recommend now?Choose only ONE   

Prior Additional Diagnostic Assessment: AM ABG Analysis: pH 7.27, PaCO2 65 mmHg, PaO2 63 mmHg, HCO3 30 mEq/L, +4 mEq/L BE Electrocardiogram: Sinus tachycardia CBC: Hb 19 g/dl, Hct, 52%, WBC 8,000 Electrolytes: Normal Chest radiograph: Light infiltrate bilaterally Urine output: 50 ml/Hr Recent assessment Breathsounds: Clear bilaterally PIP and Plateau pressures: 26 cm H2O, 20 cm H2O   Based on the above data, what should be done now? Choose only ONE