Refer to Figure 7.  Muscles have distinct actions depending on their attachment points. Consider two patients – Patient A has an injury to the muscle numbered 5 on the figure while Patient B has an injury to the muscle numbered 8.  In 2-3 sentences, identify the injured muscles and explain the symptoms Patient A might feel compared to Patient B. Hint: consider what actions would be more painful/difficult when these specific muscles are injured. 

Refer to Figure 1.  Identify a landmark on these vertebrae where the spinal cord would be passing through.  NAME of this landmark: One NUMBER from the figure:

Refer to Figure 4.  Which of the bones of the skull forms the ‘bridge’ of the nose? Include the bone NAME and NUMBER from the figure for full credit.  NAME: NUMBER:

Refer to Figure 1.  Select any of the labeled bones below that would be classified as LUMBAR vertebrae. 

Refer to Figure 1.  Select any of the labeled bones below that would NOT be classified as CERVICAL vertebrae. 

Which would be the most meaningful change you could make to avoid urethral urolithiasis  in a cat?

Supplemental oxygen by itself is more effective than humidifying it before it’s inhaled by the patient.

These drugs are most effective when given

“Mayra”, a 10 year-old, female, spayed Golden Retriever, has a 2-month history of enuria, a condition in which urine is being expelled at night during sleep. Her owner, Ms. Escobar, was so frustrated with this night “bedwetting” that she visited her local veterinarian. Unfortunately, the practice was out of the usual, Food & Drug Administration approved drug so she had to prescribe Mayra a substitute drug which was going to be formulated and compounded at a local pharmacy into capsules but would provide Ms. Escobar’s dog with the same relief as the approved drug. The most likely drug prescribed was

“Mary”, a 9 year-old German Shepherd had bladder trauma after being hit by PeeWee Herman’s bicycle. This trauma left her bladder unable to contract with very little, if any, bladder muscle (detrusor) tone. In order to stimulate bladder contractions, which drug would Mary benefit from?