The alcohol wipe used on a patient’s skin before an injection is an example of  

Nonionizing radiation exhibits good penetrating power and can be used for cold sterilization.

Plant viruses also infect animals.

The shortest time required to kill or inactivate all the microbes in a sample at a specified temperature is called the __________.

Classification of viruses into families involves determining all the following characteristics except ________.

Which of the 3 stages of cellular respiration (A, B, & C in the figure below) can occur during anaerobic respiration? Select all that apply.   

Match the stage of cellular respiration (A, B, & C in the figure) to the correct label.   

The Calvin Cycle is sometimes referred to as the “dark reactions” or “light-independent reactions” because they only takes place at night (when there is no sunlight)  

Photosynthesis occurs in the of the cell, whereas cellular respiration occurs in the .

In many reptiles, sex determination is dependent not on sex chromosomes but rather environmental conditions such as temperature. Species that use temperature are said to have temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD). One known mechanism for TSD in some species is the temperature-dependent activity of an enzyme, aromatase, that acts to convert androgens (hormones that promote male development) to estrogens (hormones that promote female development). You have begun to study two species of lizards that seem to use TSD. You collect eggs from both species and rear them at various temperatures with and without applied fadrozole, a chemical that specifically inhibits the activity of aromatase. Your results are as follows. Based on these results, what can you conclude about sex determination in species A and species B?