According to Timberlake, when an animal learns less rapidly than expected by the laws of conditioning, the animal is displaying:

John becomes hungry when he thinks of the great ribs served at Corky’s in Memphis. According to Dickinson, John’s response is due to:

According to a “general laws of learning” perspective, _________ is the primary determinant of behavior.

Carla was once bitten by a snake and now shows a flat generalization gradient for conditioned fear. The flat generalization gradient means that:

Sparky is a Labrador retriever whose owner hits him each time he runs even though he is doing nothing wrong. His owner also kicks him if he is in his way. When sparky’s own abuses him, he does not avoid it anymore because he is exhibiting ___________________.

According to the text, place learning is superior to response learning in rats:

Ellis’s mother was distant and sometimes cold. She rarely showed affection to Ellis. In fact, Ellis’s daycare workers began to wonder if Ellis’s mother cared for Ellis at all. As a result, Ellis formed a ___________ relationship with her mother.

Which of the following reinforcers is immune to devaluation?

According to the work of Breland and Breland, the ability of food reinforcement to control behavior is limited because:

Compulsive gamblers are likely to release high levels of _________ when gambling.