A patient has the following set of blood gas data:             Arterial pH                  7.47                             (high)             Arterial PCO2                46 mm Hg                   (high)                                      33 mEq/L                     (high)             Arterial PO2                  85 mm Hg                   (low)             Anion Gap                   9 mEq/L                       (within normal limits)   Which scenario below would most likely be the cause?

Post-Gastric Bypass Anemia: A gastric bypass patient is pale and fatigued with a low hematocrit due to malabsorption. Loss of which cells could explain these symptoms?

Which of the following statement is correct if the concentration of inulin in Bowman’s space and late proximal tubule are identical?

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) increases sodium excretion by which of the following mechanisms ?

A person hemorrhages 1.5 L of blood and is seen in an emergency room 2 hours later. He is conscious and his arterial blood pressure is 95/60 mmHg (his normal is 120/80). Assuming that no replacement fluids have been given, which of the following parameters would you expect to be decreased compared to his normal condition?

Intestinal Barrier “Leaky Gut”: Conditions like Crohn’s disease or sepsis can cause “leaky gut.” Which cellular structure is most likely impaired in a leaky gut, permitting pathogens and toxins to cross the gut lining?

GI Pacemaker Cells: An electrogastrogram shows abnormally slow basal electrical rhythm (BER, slow waves) in a patient’s stomach. Which cells serve as the pacemaker for these slow waves?

Thermic Effect of Food: Which macronutrient requires all three phases of digestion (cephalic, gastric, intestinal) for full absorption and has the highest thermic effect of food (energy used in digestion)?

Gallbladder Function: What is a primary function of the gallbladder in digestion?

Fructose Transporter: What transporter on the intestinal brush border is responsible for absorbing fructose from the lumen?