Merle is in 10th grade in a special education class with other students with various diagnoses. Merle is friendly and loves to laugh and tell jokes to others but often mentions that he is lonely and wants a friend. At lunch in the cafeteria with the entire student body, he often sits alone while some students tease him, and others ignore him. Given this information, which of the following would be considered Merle’s most socially valid outcome/result?

Saki is interested in decreasing the repetitive vocalization behavior of one of her clients. The client frequently engages in repetitive vocalizations, but it is difficult to hear when the vocalizations start or end due to fluctuations in volume. Which of the following recording methods would be best for Saki to use?

Given the baseline data depicted below, which subsequent data path offers the most likely prediction of future problem behavior in the absence of a behavior intervention?  

Brad supervises his staff throughout the day. Recently, there have been complaints about how often Cameron talks on the phone instead of helping with administrative tasks. Brad decides to observe Cameron in one-minute intervals and marks a “+” if Cameron is talking on the phone at the end of each interval. Which recording method did Brad use?

Tylo supervises his staff throughout the day. Recently, there have been concerns about how often one of the employees is on their phone rather than helping with the end-of-shift tasks. Tylo decides to use one-minute intervals to observe the employee’s phone-use behavior and marks a “+” if the employee is on his phone at the end of each interval. Which recording method did Tylo use?

Sidney receives a request to start working with a student. He schedules an observation at the student’s school to conduct a descriptive assessment. Sidney observes the student during class activities for 60 minutes and records how many times the student gets out of his chair (the target behavior). He records 20 instances of getting out of the chair in 60 minutes. The next session, he instructs the teacher to sit the student close by and provide frequent attention when the student is engaged in class activities. He returns to the school after one week and records 5 instances of getting out of the chair in 60 minutes. He looks at the graph and compares his datum before treatment with his datum after treatment, which shows a significant decrease in getting out of seat. Which basic operation of the science of behavior analysis is missing from this example?

For which of the following baseline graphs would it be most appropriate to introduce the independent variable for a behavior targeted for decrease?

Karla works as a salesperson at an automobile dealership that sells sporty cars, family sedans, vans, and pick-up trucks. George, the owner, wants his salespeople to sell more “extra features” on the vehicles they sell. George offers a $500 bonus to whichever salesperson sells the most extra features each month. The first month, Karla sells the most extra features and receives the bonus. Karla now tends to sell more extra features on each automobile she is selling. In the third month of the incentive program, this year’s new car models arrive to the dealership. During the fourth month of the program, Karla sells the fewest extra features of any salesperson at the dealership. Which of the following is most likely to be an extraneous variable in this scenario?

Roberto would like to become a Board Certified Behavior Analyst (BCBAⓇ). Therefore, he sets a goal to study and practice SAFMEDS until he can answer at least 40 flashcards correctly in 1 minute before Friday each week. He also schedules his work to make sure he can accrue at least 100 hours of supervision per month. He also sets a goal to get at least 80% on the final exam for the class to pass. Which of the following is the ultimate outcome in this scenario? 

Which of the following is an example of a restricted (discriminated) operant response?