A dental student wants to test if fluoride is an effective additive against tooth decay. The student studies tooth decay in a population of people who live in neighborhoods supplied with fluoridated water. This student would like to ask whether access to fluoridated water prevents tooth decay. What would be an effective control group to ask this question?

Individuals that are heavy smokers may eventually have trouble clearing the mucous from their lungs because the structures that move fluid along the epithelial lining of the lung become damaged over time. What are these structures called?

Proteins digested by trypsin in the stomach are broken down to amino acids in __________.

The specific amino acid sequence of a protein is its __________.

Organic molecules have a carbon backbone and __________ such as -OH and -NH 2 that can form hydrogen bonds.

Structures that have similar functions are said to be __________.

You arrive late to a biological seminar. However, just as you enter the room, you hear the speaker referring to the “amino end” and the “carboxyl end” of a macromolecule. Immediately, you know that they are talking about a __________.

Mendeleev found that when he arranged the known elements according to their atomic mass, the entries in the table exhibited a pattern of chemical properties that repeated itself in groups of eight elements. This led to the generalization now known as __________.

In eukaryotes, mitochondria are the organelles primarily involved in __________.

Isotopes that are unstable and decay when their nucleus breaks up into elements with lower atomic numbers, emitting significant amounts of energy in the process, are called __________.