Kevin is convicted of theft and ordered by the court to pay back the victim for the value of the stolen items. This payment is not a punishment to the state, but compensation directly to the victim for their loss. What is this form of punishment called?

James is serving probation for a drug offense. After failing multiple drug tests and missing several appointments with his probation officer, the court decides to cancel his probation and send him to prison to serve the remainder of his sentence behind bars. What is this action called?

The common-law practice that allowed judges to suspend punishment so that convicted offenders could seek a pardon, gather new evidence, or demonstrate that they had reformed their behavior.

The early release of a prisoner from imprisonment subject to conditions set by correctional authorities. This is known as probation.

After being found guilty of driving under the influence, Maria is ordered to pay a sum of money to the court as a penalty for breaking the law. This payment goes to the government and is separate from any victim compensation. What type of monetary punishment is this?

Criminal activity that involves violation of rules and laws designed to protect people, the environment. This is known as blue-collar crimes.

What is the molar mass of vanadium (III) hydroxide?

Consider neutral atoms of potassium, sodium, and chlorine.

In which of the following reactions is HCl being reduced?

Label each of the following statements as “True” or “False”.