Which is the oxaphosphetane intermediate?

What is the expected product for the following reaction sequence?

What reagents A and B would be most appropriate for the following synthesis?  

Calculate . Round to 2 decimal places.

The formula for pH is

12-2. In which situation is a “negative persuasion” effect occurring? 

12-14. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs assumes that once people fulfill their safety needs, they will then seek to fulfill their ________ needs.

12-7. Several members of a political party want to address a rally of members from another party and convince the crowd of their viewpoint. They should understand that generally, people   

12-1. A campus leader wants to persuade other students to jump in and participate in service projects in the community one Saturday a month. What is the leader’s persuasive goal? 

12-11. A speaker argues that A results from B, and since A is undesirable, B should be eliminated. This speaker is reasoning from